Currently, employees have the legal right to request flexible working, but there is no obligation on companies to agree. That balance of power is to be shifted, with companies instead legally obliged to offer flexible working from day one except where it is “not reasonably feasible”.
Seems this isn’t about a 4 day week specifically, but about employers being required to give their reasons when they reject flexible working requests. The telegraph is just using it as an example of something an employee could request.
Fun question! I don’t know the answer other than to say it’s not just the algebraics because of the Gelfond-Schneider constant
Are you sure this is well-defined? You say that a and b are algebraic but “closure” implies that they could also be any members of S. This might mess up your proof that it’s not all the reals if you do mean the closure.