Valve uses player in game reporting for cheating. Which then goes to Overwatch. In Overwatch trusted players with a certain rank get to confirm if that cheater is cheating or not. I have reported cheaters and received notifications that they have been banned before. On the other end, I have also done Overwatch and banned cheaters myself.
Edit: this is for CSGO, idk if Valve does this for games like TF2
VAC uses this on top of telemetry analysis. Next gen will use AI, ML, DL, and apply hardware bans.
Valve uses player in game reporting for cheating. Which then goes to Overwatch. In Overwatch trusted players with a certain rank get to confirm if that cheater is cheating or not. I have reported cheaters and received notifications that they have been banned before. On the other end, I have also done Overwatch and banned cheaters myself.
Edit: this is for CSGO, idk if Valve does this for games like TF2
Dota 2 also has Overwatch